What’s dependency injection in spring framework?

Dependency injection (DI) is a process whereby objects define their dependencies, that is, the other objects they work with, only through constructor arguments, arguments to a factory method, or properties that are set on the object instance after it is constructed or returned from a factory method.

The container then injects those dependencies when it creates the bean.

This process is fundamentally the inverse, hence the name Inversion of Control (IoC), of the bean itself controlling the instantiation or location of its dependencies by using direct construction of classes, or a mechanism such as the Service Locator pattern.

The org.springframework.beans and org.springframework.context packages are the basis for Spring Framework’s IoC container.

The BeanFactory interface provides an advanced configuration mechanism capable of managing any type of object.

ApplicationContext is a sub interface of BeanFactory. It adds easier integration with Spring’s AOP features; message resource handling (for use in internationalization), event publication; and application-layer specific contexts such as the WebApplicationContext for use in web applications.

In short, the BeanFactory provides the configuration framework and basic functionality, and the ApplicationContext adds more enterprise-specific functionality. The ApplicationContext is a complete superset of the BeanFactory.

1.   Constructor Based Dependency Injection:-

Constructor-based DI is accomplished by the container invoking a constructor with a number of arguments, each representing a dependency. Calling a static factory method with specific arguments to construct the bean is nearly equivalent, and this discussion treats arguments to a constructor and to a static factory method similarly.

Example:-

public class SimpleMovieLister {

    // the SimpleMovieLister has a dependency on a MovieFinder

    private MovieFinder movieFinder;

    // a constructor so that the Spring container can inject a MovieFinder

    public SimpleMovieLister(MovieFinder movieFinder) {

        this.movieFinder = movieFinder;

    }

    // business logic that actually uses the injected MovieFinder is omitted...

}

2.   Setter Based Dependency Injection:-

Setter-based DI is accomplished by the container calling setter methods on your beans after invoking a no-argument constructor or no-argument static factory method to instantiate your bean.

Example:-

public class SimpleMovieLister {

    // the SimpleMovieLister has a dependency on the MovieFinder

    private MovieFinder movieFinder;

    // a setter method so that the Spring container can inject a MovieFinder

    public void setMovieFinder(MovieFinder movieFinder) {

        this.movieFinder = movieFinder;

    }

    // business logic that actually uses the injected MovieFinder is omitted...

}

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